ETYMOLOGICAL INDEX: DRAVIDIAN

This Index is a list of the Dravidian (Dr.) etyma in the Corpus of Tamil-Brāhmī stone inscriptions.

Headwords (in bold italics in col.1) are arranged in the Tamil alphabetical order. Noun stems are given without the paragogic suffixes or case-endings found in the original inscriptions. Minimal segments of personal names (N.) and place names (P.) which appear to be Dravidian are also included. Emendations or corrections (as in the Commentary, ETE 2) are in italics within brackets next to the headwords. Grammatical parts of speech are indicated next within brackets. See List of Abbreviations.

Reference Numbers (as in the Commentary, ETE 2) of words and segments are given col. 2.

Dravidian Parallels are given in col. 3, mostly from Dravidian Etymological Dictionary (DEDR; entry numbers are marked D.) or from Tamil Lexicon (TL). For entries not found in these two sources, literary or inscriptional references are cited. Names of Dravidian languages are abbreviated as in DEDR. Literary and inscriptional citations and discussion on etymology will be found in the Commentary, ETE 2 on the entries indicated by the Reference Numbers.

See Etymological Index: Doubtful Items for etyma whose derivation from Dr. or IA is in doubt. See also section 3.2 (Dravidian element) in Chapter 3 , ETE 2.

ETYMA

REF.NO.

DRAVIDIAN

akaḻ (n.)

akaḻ (D. 11).

añci (N.)

añci (TL).

aṭi-ōṉ (aṭiyōṉ) (n.)

aṭi, aṭiyōṉ (D. 72).

aṇṇi (n.)

aṇṇi (D. 131).

ataṉ (N.)

12.4.b, 13.2.b, 36.3.a
36.3.b, 40.3, 40.5.a
40.5.b., 90.2.c, 91.2.a

cf. ata(ṉ)- in ataṅkōṭṭ-ācāṉ (TL). See Commentary 59.1, ETE 2.

atiyan (atiyaṉ) (n.)

atiyaṉ (Aka. 325:8). cf. satiya- (59.1.a)

atiṉaṉ (atiṉṉaṉ) (N.)

atiṉṉaṉ in a coin-legend; (Fig. 6, Catalogue A II, Chapter 1, ETE 2).

atai (n.)

30.2, 56.2

Variant of antai; cf. attaṉ (D. 142).

antay (n.)

See antai.

antavaṉ (N.)

antuvaṉ (N.)

antuvaṉ (Aka. 59:12).

antai (n.)

3.7.a, 20.1.a, 25.1.a,
26.1.a, 27.1.b, 28.1.a, 29.1.b,
31.1.b, 32.1.b, 66.2.b, 67.1.b

antai (Pallava Inscrs. No. 74);cf.also tantai, entai, etc., (D. 3067). See Commentary 66.2, ETE 2.

apa- (appa-) (n.)

appaṉ (D.156).

ama (LT amai) (v.)

amai (D.161).

ay-am (ayam) (n.)

35.2.b, 95.4

ayam (D.188).

araṭṭa- (N.)

araṭṭaṉ (TL); cf. araṭṭu (D.3605).

av- (pron.)

a-, av- (D.1).

avvaṉ (pron.)

id.

aṟam (n.)

aṟam (D. 311).

aṟutta (v.)

aṟu (D. 315).

aṟupitta (aṟuppitta) (v.)

id.

aṟupita (aṟuppitta) (v.)

id.

aṟuvai (n.)

aṟuvai (D. 318).

aṟai (n.)

3.3.b, 6.1.b

aṟai (D. 321).

ā (n.)

ā (D. 334).

(ā)-iṉa (LT āyiṉa) (v.)

ā (D. 333).

āka (v.)

61.13, 62.13

āku (D. 333).

ātaṉ (N.)

61.7.a, 62.7.a, 70.2.b, 74.2.a

ātaṉ (TL). See Commentary, 59.1, ETE 2.

ātāṉ (ātaṉ) (N.)

See ātaṉ.

i (prox. demonstr. pron., Ma.)

i (D. 410).

itta (LT itai / ittai) (pron., accusative case)

ittai (Peru. Aka.); cf. itu, iẖtu (D. 410a).

ittā- (LT itā) (intj.)

itā (D. 410a).

ir[u]-a-ar (LT iruvar) (num. pron.)

iruvar (D. 474).

irum- (adj.)

61.7.c, 62.7.c

iru-, irumai (D. 481).

iruvar (num.pron.)

iruvar (D. 474).

-il (n. as locative postposition)

33.1.b, 35.1.b

il (D. 494).

ilañci (n. as P.)

'pool' (Puṟa 37:10); 'makiḻa tree' (D. 496).

(i)lavōṉ (illavōṉ) (n.)

cf. illōṉ (Peru. Aka.).

iv- (pron.)

60.1.a, 90.5.a

i-, iv- (D. 410a).

iḻa- (īḻa-) (n.)

īḷa- (D. 549).

iḷa- (adj.)

iḷa- (D. 513).

iḷa(m)- (adj.)

2.7.a, 76.1.a

iḷam-, iḷamai (D. 513).

[i*]ḷa(m)- (adj.)

61.11.a, 62.11.c

id.

iḷayar (LT iḷaiyar) (n.)

iḷaiyar (D. 513).

[i*]ḷavaṉ (N.)

cf. eḷavaṉ (inscr., SII. XVII:No. 400); iḷaval, iḷaiyaṉ (D. 513).

ītta (v.)

ī (D. 2598).

īttavaṉ (v.)

id.

ītā (intj.)

2.4, 16.1

ītā (D. 410a).

upaṟuva[ṉ*] (uppaṟuvaṉ) (n.)

cf. upparavar (D. 626); uppāṟa (Ka.) (D. 628).

upu (uppu) (n.)

uppu (D. 2674a).

ur (ūr) (n.)

See ūr.

uḻi (postposition)

uḻi (n.) 'place, site' (D. 684). (cf. Naṉṉūl 302)

-uḷ (n. as locative postposition)

uḷ (D. 698).

uṟai (n.)

9.3, 24.4, 60.2.a, 61.5, 62.5

uṟai (D. 710).

ūr (n.)

13.1.b, 19.2, 30.1.b,
34.1.b, 35.1.c, 49.2.b,
56.1.c, 57.1.b, 61.3.b,
63.1.b, 63.3.b, 65.1.b,
66.1.b, 69.1.b, 73.2.b, 74.1.b,
76.3.b, 84.1.c, 91.1.b, 92.1.b, 93.1.b

ūr (D. 752).

ūru (LT ūr) (n.)

See ūr.

ūṟu (ūṟṟu) (n.)

ūṟṟu (D. 761).

e-iyl (eyil) (P.)

eyil (D. 808).

eṇ- (LT eḷ-) (in sandhi) (n.)

eṇ, eḷ (D. 854).

em (pron., obl.)

yām > em (D. 5154).

emayavaṉ (LT imaiyavaṉ) (N.)

cf. imaiyavar 'celestials' (Perumpāṇ. 429) from imai 'to shine, shed light' (Tivā. 8.58).

eru (n.)

52.1.a, 55.1.a

eru (D. 813).

erumi (n.)

cf. erumai (Ta.), erme (Ka., Tu.), ermi (Go.) (D. 816).

eḻuttu (n.)

eḻuttu (D. 853).

eḻai (prob.,< eḍai, LT iṭai) (n.)

iṭai (D. 448 or 450).

eḷa- (LT iḷa-) (adj.)

43.2.a, 56.5.a

iḷa- (D. 513).

eḷa-a- (eḷa-v-a; LT iḷava-) (N.)

cf. eḷavaṉ (inscr., SII. XVII: No. 400).

eḷam- (LT iḷam-) (adj.)

iḷa- (D. 513).

ēri (P.)

ēri (D. 901).

ēva (v.)

ēvu (D. 909).

opaṉ (oppaṉ) (N.)

cf. oppu (Ta.), oppa (Ka.) (D. 924).

kaṭal-aṉ (kaṭalaṉ) (N.)

cf. kaṭal, kaṭalar (D. 1118); kaṭalaṉ (Aka. 81:13).

kaṭu(m)- (adj.)

61.9.b, 61.11.b, 62.9.b, 62.11.a, 62.11.d

kaṭum-, kaṭumai (D. 1135).

kaṭummi (kaṭumi) (N.)

cf. kaḍimi (Te.) (D. 1135).

kaya[m*] (n.)

kayam (D. 1251).

karaṇṭai (n.)

karaṇṭai (TL).

karu (n.?)

Etymology uncertain.

karu-iya (karuviya) (v.)

cf. karu, karukku (n.) (D. 1280).

kal (n.)

14.3.a, 48.7, 61.15, 62.15, 91.3, 93.5, 94.5

kal (D. 1298).

kala- (n. as attribute)

kalam 'vessel' (D. 1305), 'a measure' (TL).

kavi (n.)

kevi (Ta.), gavi (Ka., Te.) (D. 1332).

kaḻu- (cf.LT kaṭu-) (adj.)

kaṭu- (D. 1135).

kāṭa (kāṭṭa < kāṭu + a) (n., genitive case)

kāṭṭa (Aka. 53:7); kāṭu (D. 1438).

kāṭu (kāṭṭu) (n., obl.)

52.1.b, 55.1.b

kāṭu (D. 1438).

kāttāṉ (N.)

kāttāṉ (TL) < kā (D. 1416).

kāpi (kāppi) (N. or. P.)

cf. kāppiyāṟu (Patiṟ. Patikam 4); kāppiya-k-kuṭi (TL).

kāḻ (n.)

kāḻ 'pearl' (TL); cf. kāḻ 'seed, stone' (D. 1493).

kiḻ[ā]r (n.)

kiḻāṉ (D. 1979).

kīraṉ (N.)

65.4.a, 66.4.a, 72.3.b

kīraṉ (TL).

ku-aṉ (N.)

See kuvaṉ.

kuṭupita (kuṭuppitta) (v.)

kuṭu (inscr., SII.V:Nos. 405-406); LT koṭu (D. 2053).

kuṭupitō[r*] (kuṭuppittōr) (v.)

koṭu (D. 2053).

kuṭumpikaṉ (n.)

cf.LTkuṭi (D. 1655).

kuṇā (P.)

cf. (inscr.) tiru-k-kuṇavā (T.A.S. II: p. 39. Kuṇavāyil (Cilap. Pati. 1). kuṇa 'east' (TL). Identified with modern Trikkaṇā (Tiru-k-kuṇā).

kumuḻ (LT kumiḻ) (n.)

kumiḻ (D. 1742).

kuv-aṉ (kuvaṉ) (N.)

See kuvaṉ.

kuva[ṉ*] (N.)

cf. kuvāvaṉ (inscr., EI. XIII:p. 139); kuvavu 'greatness' (Cūṭā. 8: 10); kuvva (Te.) cited in TL.

kuṟṟaṉ (N.)

kuṟu- (Ta.), kuṟṟa (Te.) (D. 1851).

kuṟa (LT kuṟai) (n.)

kuṟai (D. 1859).

kuṟu (kūṟu) (n.)

kūṟu (D.1924).

kuṟum- (adj.)

kuṟu-, kuṟum-, kuṟumai (D. 1851).

kuṉṟatu (kuṉṟattu) (n., obl.)

kuṉṟam (D.1864).

kuṉṟu (n.)

kuṉṟu (D.1864).

kūṭal (n.)

kūṭu> kūṭal (D. 1882).

kūṟṟaṉ (N.)

cf. kūṟu, kūṟṟam (D. 1924).

koṭṭupitta (v.)

koṭṭu (D. 2063); cf. koṭṭuvittāṉ (Pallava Inscrs. No. 85).

koṭṭupitōṉ (koṭṭupittōṉ) (v.)

8.3, 9.4

koṭṭu (D. 2063).

koṭal (koṭṭal) (verbal noun)

id.

koṭi-ōr (koṭṭi-y-ōr) (v.)

id.

koṭiy-avaṉ (koṭṭiyavaṉ) (v.)

id.

koṭu (v.)

koṭu (D.2053).

koṭupi... (koṭuppi...) (v.)

id.

koṭupita-avaṉ (koṭuppittavaṉ) (v.)

id.

koṭupitavaṉ (koṭuppittavaṉ) (v.)

11.2, 53.2, 90.6

id.

koṭupitōṉ (koṭuppittōṉ) (v.)

3.9, 5.2, 7.4

id.

kolvaṉ (cf.LT kollaṉ) (n.)

kol, kollaṉ (D. 2133).

koḻu (n.)

koḻu (D. 2147).

koṟṟa- (N.)

67.1.a, 77.2.a

cf. koṟṟam, koṟṟavaṉ (D. 2169).

koṟṟi (N.)

koṟṟi (D. 2169).

koṟi (koṟṟi) (N.)

See koṟṟi.

koṟiya (koṟṟiya) (v.)

cf. koṟṟu (n.) (TL), kottu (v.) (D. 2091), kuṟṟu (v.) (D. 1850a); koṟṟiṉa (inscr.).

kō1 (n.)

61.6, 62.6, 82.1

'king' (D. 2177).

kō2(n.)

61.11.c, 62.11.e, 61.12.b, 62.11.e, 81.1, 62.12.b, 81.1, 88.4, 89.2.b

'prince, chieftain' (D. 2177).

kōk(u) (cf.LT kōṅku) (n.)

kōṅku (D. 2185).

kōṭaṉ (N.)

kōṭaṉ (Puṟa. 176:7). cf. kōṭu 'mountain' (D. 2049) or 'fort' (D. 2207)

kōḷ (n.)

koḷ> kōḷ (D. 2151)

kōṉ (n.)

52.2.b, 61.9.c, 62.9.c, 62.11.b, 73.4

kōṉ (D. 2177).

caṭikaṉ (N.)

2.7.b, 2.9

cf.caṭaiyaṉ (inscr., SII. XIV: Index).

caḻiyaṉ (LT ceḻiyaṉ) (N.)

1.5.b, 2.5.b

ceḻiyaṉ (Tiva.).

ciḻivaṉ (N.)

7.2.a, 19.3

cf.ceḻiyaṉ (TL).

ciṟu- (adj.)

49.5.b, 73.9.a

ciṟu- (D. 1594).

cuṉai (n.)

cuṉai (D. 2716).

ce(m)- (adj.)

22.1.a, 61.4.a, 62.4.a, 63.2.a

cem- (D. 2747).

ceyta (v.)

cey (D. 1957).

ceytā[ṉ*] (v.)

id.

ceypita (ceypitta) (v.)

id.

ceyvittāṉ (v.)

id.

ceyita (LT ceyta) (v.)

id.

ceyitāṉ (LT ceytāṉ) (v.)

id.

ceyipita (ceyipitta) (v.)

id.

ceyivitta (LT ceyvitta) (v.)

id.

cel (N.)

61.7.b, 62.7.b

cf. cel 'thunderbolt' (TL) or cel-v-am, cellam (D. 2786).

ceṟ- (ceṟṟ-) (LT ciṟṟ-) (adj.)

cf. ciṟṟu (Ta.), ceṟṟu (Ma.) (D. 1594).

cē (n.)

83.2.a, 83.4.a

cf. cē-k-kiḻār 'a family name' (TL); cē 'redness' (D. 1931), 'bull' (D. 2818), 'Taurus, zodiac sign' (TL).

cē-iya (v.)

From cē (LT cey, D. 1957).

cētavar (LT ceytavar) (v.)

id.; cf.cēta (LT ceyta) (Pallava Inscrs. No. 268)

cēnta- (N.)

cēntaṉ (TL).

cēy-a (v.)

From cē (LT cey, D.1957).

cēra- (N.)

cēraṉ (TL).

cēvit-ōṉ (cēvittōṉ) (v.)

From cē (LT cey, D. 1957); cf. cēvittāṉ (inscr., SII. V: No. 406); (LT ceyvittāṉ).

tanta (v.)

tā 'to capture' (TL); cf. tā 'to give to 1st or 2nd person' (D. 3098).

tantai (n.)

tantai (D. 3067).

talai (n.)

'word used as locative suffix' (TL), 'place' (Tivā.); cf. tala (Te.) 'place' (D. 3103).

tātai (n.)

'father'; affectionate form of addressing an elderly person (Pkt.); loanword from Dr. (D. 3160).

tāyiyaru (n.)

cf. (Ka.) tāyiyaru (honorific sing.). from tāyi (D. 364).

tāvaṉ (N.)

A personal name (prob.) from tāvu 'might, strength' (Tivā. 1402).

tiṭi (tiṭṭi) (P.)

33.1.a, 58.1

tiṭṭi (D. 3221).

tīyaṉ (N)

A caste name in Kerala (D. 3277), but the suggested derivation from dvīpa (Skt.) is unlikely.

tuṟai (n.)

tuṟai (D. 3370).

teṉku (LT teṟku) (n.)

teṉ-, teṟku (D. 3449).

tēr (n.)

lit. 'chariot'; here part of a place name (D. 3459).

tēṉ (n.)

tēṉ (D. 3268b).

toṭa (toṭṭa) (v.)

toṭu (D. 3549).

t[o]ṇṭi (P.)

'An ancient seaport'; cf. toṇṭi 'small arm of the sea' (TL).

nal- (adj.)

nal- (D. 3610).

nalli (N.)

Prob., a personal name from nal- 'good' (D. 3610).

nali (nalli) (N.)

See nalli.

nāṭu (prob., -nāṭṭu) (n., obl.)

nāṭu (D. 3638).

nāḻaḷ (nāḻal) (P.)

From ñāḻal, nāḻal 'a flowering tree' (D. 2915).

nūṟu (num.)

nūṟu (D. 3729).

neṭi (m)- (adj.)

See neṭu(m)- .

neṭu- (adj.)

42.2.a, 55.5.c, 59.2.b

id.

neṭu(m)- (adj.)

neṭu-, neṭum- (D. 3738).

nel (n.)

7.1.a, 16.5

nel (D. 3753).

-(n)ai (LT ney) (in eṇṇai-) (n.)

ney (D. 3746).

paṇa-aṉ (paṇa-v-aṉ) (n.)

cf. paṇavaṉ (TL); paṇ (D. 3884).

pakal (pakkal) (postposition)

Here as the dative case-marker. See commentary.

patavaṉ (N.)

Prob. appellative noun from patavu 'mildness, gentleness' (D. 3905).

patiṉ- (num. adj.)

patiṉ- (D. 3918).

par-acu (paracu) (n.)

cf. paracu 'to praise, extol' (D. 3951).

parampaṉ (n.)

cf. parampar 'a class of cultivators' (SITI. III. 2 :Glossary); parampu (D. 3949).

paḻama (n.) (Ma.)

cf. Ta. paḻa(i)mai 'being old or ancient' (D. 3999).

paḷḷi1 (n.)

83.6, 88.1

paḷḷi 'hermitage, especially of Buddhists and Jains' (D. 4018).

paḷi (paḷḷi)1 (n.)

1.9, 2.11, 10.5, 34.3, 52.4, 59.4, 65.6, 89.4

id.

pa[ḷ*]i (paḷḷi)1 (n.)

id.

paḷ[i] (paḷḷi)2 (n.)

paḷḷi 'hamlet' (D. 4018).

paḷi (paḷḷi)3 (n.)

'grave, burial ground'; cf. LT paḷḷi (Cīvaka. 292).

paṉai (n.)

paṉai (D. 4037).

pā (n.)

Prob., pā 'expanse' (D. 4088).

pākaṉ (n.)

pākaṉ (D. 4046).

piṭa- (piṭṭa-) (N.)

See piṭaṉ.

piṭaṉ (piṭṭaṉ) (N.)

13.2.c, 65.2

cf. piṭṭaṉ (Puṟa. 170:8).

piṇa-u (piṇa-v-u) (n.)

cf. piḷavu 'cleft (as rock)' (D. 4194).

piṟanta (v.)

piṟa (D. 4422).

piṉ-aṉ (piṉṉaṉ) (N.)

piṉṉaṉ (D. 4205).

puṇaruttāṉ (LT puṇarttāṉ) (v.)

puṇar (D. 4160b).

puṟai (N.)

See poṟai.

peṭu (LT paṭu) (v.)

cf. paṭu (D.3852).

peru- (adj.)

cf. perum- (D. 4411).

perum- (adj.)

id.

peru(m)- (adj.)

61.9.a, 62.9.a, 72.3.a, 88.6.a

id.

pēr- (adj.)

13.2.a, 35.2.a, 56.1.b, 90.2.b

peru-, pēr- (D. 4411).

pokaḻ (LT pukaḻ) (n.)

pukaḻ (D. 4235).

pocil (n.)

cf. hosilu (Ka.), 'threshold' (KSP Kannada Nighaṁṭu); pōs (To.) 'entrance'; cf. Ta. vācal, vāyil (D. 5354).

polāl(a) (N. or P.)

Prob., from a place name or caste name; cf. polāḷa, polāḷuva, polāḷa etc., occurring as personal names in Ka. inscriptions. (Epi. Car. XIII: Index).

poṟai (N.)

cf. poṟaiyaṉ 'Cēra king' (TL); poṟaiyaṉ 'sustainer' < poṟu (D. 4565).

poṉ (n.)

36.2.a, 69.2.a

poṉ (D. 4570).

makaḷ (v.)

65.3.b, 66.3

makaḷ (D. 4616).

makaṉ (n.)

20.2, 40.4, 56.5.b, 61.8, 61.10, 62.8, 62.10, 72.2, 84.3, 88.5, 90.3

makaṉ (D. 4616).

mattirai (matirai) (P.)

See matirai.

matiray (variant of matirai) (P.)

id.

matirai (LT maturai) (P.)

matirai (inscr., SII I-III: Indexes); maturai (TL); . cf. matil (Ta.), maturu (Te.) 'wall, fortification' (D. 4692). See Commentary ETE 2 for discussion.

malaṉ (mallaṉ)) (N.)

mallaṉ (D. 4730).

malai (N.)

malai (D. 4742).

-mān (-mān) (N.)

See -māṉ.

-māṟa- (-mān) (N.)

-māṟaṉ 'Pāṇṭiya king' (TL).

-māṉ (< makaṉ) (N.)

cf. em-māṉ 'my son' (D. 4616); 'our Lord'; peru--māṉ 'great person' (TL).

muciṟi (P.)

muciṟi (TL).

mutā (adj.)

cf. mutu-, mutiya (D. 4954).

muḻa-u-kaimuḻa-vu-kai (n.)

17.3.b, 90.5.b

cf. muḻai 'cave' (D. 4994).

muḻākai (n.)

id.

muṉṟu (n.)

cf. muṉ, muṉṉu, muntu (D. 5020a); (cf. LT muṉṟil)

mūtā (adj.)

cf. mūtu, mūtta (D. 4954).

mōci (N.)

cf. mōci TL.

yāṟṟu (n. obl.)

cf. yāṟu (obl. yāṟṟu (D. 5159).

vaṇṇakkaṉ (n.)

vaṇṇakkaṉ TL.

vaḻutti (vaḻuti) (N.)

vaḻuti 'Pāṇṭiya king'. (TL); cf. vāḻ, vaḻuttu (D. 5372).

veṇ- (adj.)

14.1.a, 46.1.a

veḷ-, veṇ- (D. 5496a).

ven (veṉ) (adj.)

cf. veṉ- (D. 5493).

ven (veṉṉi) (N.)

cf. veṉṟi- (Ta.), venni (Ma.) (D. 5493).

vepōṉ (veppōṉ) (LT (vaippōṉ))(v.)

vai (D. 5549).

veḷ- (adj.)

3.3.a, 6.1.a

veḷ- (D. 5496a).

veḷi (n.)

veḷi (D. 5498).

veḷiyaṉ (N.)

veḷiyaṉ (Aka. 152: 5).

vēmp(u) (n.)

vēmp(u) (D. 5531).

vēḷ (n.)

32.1.c, 92.1.a

vēḷ (D. 5545).

vaika (vaikka) (v.)

vēḷ (D. 5545).